Category: REnal Failure
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A 37 year old man presents with severe left flank pain
A 37 year old man presents with severe left flank pain with radiation into his left testicle. He says he has had no history of similar pain but does recall his father getting similar attacks over the years. He says he can not find a comfortable position and has been vomiting all day. On examination,…
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A 37 year old man presents with severe left flank pain
A 37 year old man presents with severe left flank pain with radiation into his left testicle [This is very classic for kidney stone. Most commonly it radiates into groin or testicle. It also can radiate into abdomen as well]. He says he has had no history of similar pain but does recall his father getting similar attacks over the…
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Hypertension
1. In those above age 60, Get the blood pressure below 150 sytolic and 90 diastolic. 2. In those below age 60, diabetics, and those with kidney disease, get the blood pressure below 140 sytolic and 90 diastolic. 3. In blacks including those with diabetes, Start with thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker (amlodipine). 4.…
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
There are several important points to remember about NSAIDs. 1. They are to be taken with food and NEVER ON EMPTY STOMACH. 2. They are to be taken ONLY AS NEEDED and not on a daily basis for majority of patients unless it is directed by a physician. 3. Theses drugs need to be monitored with…
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Urinalysis
These are important points to remember when you look at Urinalysis: Urine volume less than 100 cc in 24 hours ——- Anuria caused by obstruction or severe kidney damage with Urine volume less than 400 cc in 24 hours ——- oliguria caused by acute renal failure Urine volume over 2000 cc in 24 hours ——-…
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Risk factors for Type 2 diabetes
1. Being overweight and over the age of 45 2. Elevated fasting blood sugar of 126 or higher 3. Positive glucose tolerance test or Gestational Diabetes 4. High blood pressure 5. Elevated cholesterol / Triglyceride 6. Family history of type 2 diabetes or Polycystic ovary syndrome 7. Ethnicity: African American, Asian, Hispanic, Native Americans
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Criteria for diagnosis of diabetes
1. Fasting blood sugar greater than 126. 2. Blood Sugar level of greater than 200 at anytime. 3. Blood Sugar level of 200 with Glucose tolerance test. 4. High HgbA1c level ?? Who to screen: 1. Age of 45 2. Pre-Hypertensive patients: 120-140/80-90 3. Over-weight patients with other risk factors such as high blood pressure,…
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Management of Hypertension
1. In those above age 60, Get the blood pressure below 150 sytolic and 90 diastolic. 2. In those below age 60, diabetics, and those with kidney disease, get the blood pressure below 140 sytolic and 90 diastolic. 3. In blacks including those with diabetes, Start with thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker (amlodipine). 4.…
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