Ophthalmology Curriculum – Students will have to learn and be tested on the following information laid out in the curriculum*. All information can be accessed in the resources and lecture videos listed below the curriculum.

I. Skills

By the end of the Ophthalmology Clerkship rotation, the student should be able to demonstrate basic proficiency in the following skills.

Clinical Examination Skills:

1. Visual acuity measurement

2. Confrontation visual fields

3. Pupil examination

4. Extraocular motility/strabismus examination

5. External/adnexal examination

6. Slit lamp examination

7. Direct fundoscopy

 Technical Skills:

1. Application of eye patch

2. Eversion of eyelid

II. Problem based

By the end of the Ophthalmology Clerkship rotation, the student should understand the following concepts and/or be able to demonstrate an approach to patients presenting to the Emergency Department (based on real or simulated encounters) with the following problems or conditions (including differential diagnosis, investigations, and initial treatments):

 

1.        Structure and Basic physiology of the eye

(from BRB)

a.       Anterior and posterior segment

b.       Eyelids, orbit and lacrimal system

c.       Extraocular muscles and cranial nerves

2.       Cornea and Anterior Segment (The Red Eye)

a.       Redness of the ocular adnexa

b.       Redness of the globe (eg. conjunctivitis, iritis)

c.       Corneal disorders

3.       Lens and Optics

a.       Myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism and presbyopia

b.       Cataracts

4.       Glaucoma

a.       Primary open angle glaucoma

b.       Acute angle closure glaucoma

c.       Secondary glaucoma

5.       Retina

a.       Diabetic retinopathy

b.       Hypertensive retinopathy

c.       Retinal vascular occlusive diseases

d.       Retinal detachment

e.        Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)

6.       Uveitis and Inflammatory Conditions

a.       Iritis

b.       Seronegative spondyloarthropathies, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), collegen vascular diseases and sarcoidosis

c.       Infectious causes of uveitis

d.       Leukemia and lymphoma

e.        Choroidal tumours

7.       Neuroophthalmology

a.       Diseases of the optic nerve (e.g. optic neuritis, optic neuropathies, optic atrophy)

b.       Anisocoria

c.       Diplopia & ocular misalignment

d.       Cranial neuropathies

e.        Myasthenia gravis

f.        Migraine and headaches

8.       Oculoplastics and Orbital Diseases

a.       Inflammatory diseases of the eyelids

b.       Eyelid malpositions and tumours

c.       Graves disease

d.       Inflammatory diseases of the orbit

e.        Preseptal and orbital cellulitis

f.        Orbital tumours

g.       Inflammatory diseases of the lacrimal system

9.       Pediatric Ophthalmology

a.       Amblyopia and strabismus

b.       Congenital cataracts

c.       Orbital cellulitis

d.       Leukocoria

10.    Ocular Emergencies and Trauma

a.       Blunt trauma (including hyphema)

b.       Penetrating injuries

c.       Foreign bodies

d.       Alkali injuries

11.      Ocular pharmacology

a.       Diagnostic agents

b.       Therapeutic agents: Glaucoma medications, anti-infectives and immunosuppressives (steroids)

 

*Ophthalmology Curriculum – This curriculum is a curriculum formed by the University of Toronto.